神经美容就是用药物改变你的认知习惯，对大脑进行整形手术可以说。使用药物来改变你的想法和去看心理医生有什么不同?肯介绍了旧金山大学的精神病学教授萨姆·巴伦德斯。巴伦德斯说，精神病医生在真正进行治疗之前会和病人交谈一段时间。大多数整形外科医生也这么做。同样的程序适用于神经美容吗?害羞就是一个很好的例子，已经有药物可以解决这个问题了。我们有没有可能开发出一种药物，让人们变得更聪明，而且没有副作用?巴罗德斯说，副作用是否会消失是值得怀疑的，因为神经系统的相互作用是如此复杂。

Should we take the optimistic viewpoint that cosmetic neurology will make the world a better place or the cautious viewpoint that we don't know enough to do that sort of thing? Barondes thinks a middle path is the best position to take. Will neurological drugs change the psychiatric profession into a life consultant career? Is it ethically acceptable for pharmaceutical companies to profit off neurologically enhancing drugs? Is there a difference between taking prozac and meditating? Should people take drugs when therapy of some sort will do the same thing? How are neurological drugs different from, say, steroids?

Is it possible that drugs would create a neurological “arms race”? Barondes thinks that there is an upper limit to improving the mind. Evolution has fine-tuned the human mind over millennia. Why should we mess with nature's design? Barondes emphasizes the good that neuropharmacology has done for people with neurological disorders.

• Roving Philosophical Report(04:35): Amy Standen采访了精神病学教授Peter Ravens，关于神经美容对精神病学专业的影响。

• Conundrum(第46章40节):来自俄勒冈州的汤姆回忆起他童年时以杀蚂蚁为乐的行为，他想知道仁慈的神如何能永远折磨一个人。