John and Ken begin the show by discussing the concept of frames and framing in language. Ken describes the history of framing in the study of artificial intelligence and how it has been developed in the philosophy of language. Words become associated with certain frames--for instance, suppose we hear there is a talk about free will by a certain philosopher, and someone asks: Is it an analytic or continental philosopher speaking? Depending on whether they come from an analytic or continental tradition they may associate those words with positive and negative connotations that don't arise from the words themselves, but from the framing of these words. Would you rather lose 48 pounds over 2 years or 2 pounds a month? The framing of the question can determine its answer!

肯介绍了杰弗里·农伯格，他是斯坦福大学的研究员，也是最近出版的《正确说话》一书的作者。John先问了关于语言的一般性问题Geoff认为词语和框架的唤起性以及它们是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。绥靖这个词对我们意味着什么?不是字典上的意思，而是自二战以来在我们的政治语言中发展出来的真正含义?杰夫指出，有些词，比如绥靖，会在很长一段时间内与某些框架产生持续的联系。Ken讨论了框架的本质——它们是普遍的和天生的，还是历史上偶然的?Geoff试图避免使用框架作为一个术语，因为这个词已经拥有了许多“框架”。

John, Ken, and Geoff discuss whether or not there is a distinction between dictionary and literal meanings, whether not frames are a necessary evil in a linguistic society, and the nature of language use. Ken next moves the conversation into the contemporary political atmosphere, questioning whether there is something deep to learn from the fact that the right seems to be much more effective than the left at framing important issues. Geoff thinks there are two main components to the right's success: the creation of slick catch phrases like "No Child Left Behind" and the creation of an overarching narrative about the decent heartland and the traditional American spirit. Geoff thinks that too much attention is given to the former catch phrases and not enough to this very successful narrative strategy. John and Ken go on to discuss the symbols that everyday words like value, tradition, and elite have become.

约翰、肯和杰夫回答了问题，并与打电话的人讨论了美国右翼和左翼对框架的不同策略，框架是否扭曲了现实，还是它是唯一可以谈论的现实，以及我们能做些什么来“收回”那些被消极框架的话语——这有可能吗?是否有一些词被政治或其他利益所框定，其真正含义已完全丧失?字典的意义到底是什么?John和Ken在不情愿地将他们的调查转移到博客圈之前讨论了这些问题和更多的内容。

• Roving Philosophical Report(Seek to 4:33): Novella Carpenter speaks with George Lakoff, the influential cognitive scientist and linguist from UC Berkeley about George Bush's "Surge" vs. Vietnam's "Escalation" and how frames are created by the left and right in American Politics.

• 60-Second Philosopher(Seek to 49:25): Ian Shoales burns through George Orwell's life and works as the creator of some of the most important and powerful "frames" in the 20th century.