What are Words Worth?

Sunday, July 24, 2011
First Aired:
Sunday, September 27, 2009

What Is It

How do words shape our minds? Do the French suffer because they have no word for berry or cozy? Do we suffer because we have no word for schadenfreude? Why do we adopt new words, or give old words new meaning? Can we eliminate a concept by renaming it, or eliminating the word for it? Ken and John welcome back Geoff Nunberg, author ofThe Years of Talking Dangerously, for a program recorded in front of a live audience at the Marsh theatre in San Francisco.

Listening Notes

The show begins with John calling Ken an 'ulunga.' Ken, not taking kindly to the label, begins to banter with John about the effects of using new words for old concepts. They detour into a conversation about schoogling, cylence, and the French concept of berries before Ken finally just fights John’s fire with with his own, deeming John a 'lexi-jerk.'

短暂的休息后,肯和约翰欢迎嘉宾杰弗里·农伯格来到节目。他们首先问他,我们使用的词语是否会塑造和限制我们思考的概念。如果爱斯基摩人只有表示雪的特定种类的词语,他们是否缺乏我们所拥有的“雪”的一般概念,或者只是用不同的方式来理解相同的概念?杰弗里认为,词汇不会不可补救地限制我们所拥有的概念,他以“独创性”(从表面上看,这个词在18世纪被发明出来之前,人们就有这个概念)和德国的“幸灾乐祸”(表示以他人的不幸为乐)概念为例。杰弗里总结说,与预期相反,语言实际上增加了我们在不知道自己真正在说什么的情况下谈论某事的机会。

Ken asks why he should value lingui-diversity: isn't it a good thing if we all speak the same language, so we can all communicate? Geoffrey reminds him that not everyone would agree that all languages have the same capacity to serve as tools for good communication (especially the French, he thinks), and so it wouldn't be easy to choose the language. He also encourages Ken to consider the possibility he thinks many American do not, that would solve Ken’s lingui-diversity concern: that it may be possible to fit more than one language in one brain.

节目结束时,Ken深入思考了词汇在我们的概念发展过程中所起的特殊作用,John则(略)深入思考了为什么哲学家应该获得更高的薪水。

  • Roving Philosophical Report(Seek to 6:05): Rina Palta talks to Mark Hershon, who runs a comedy improv team called 'Frisco', about the unpopular word they picked as a name for the team and how they use words in their sketches.
  • 60-Second Philosopher(Seek to 50:00): Ian Shoales covers the 'urban dictionary' and how our rebellion against the English people became a rebellion against the English language.

Transcript