The Vienna Circle was a group of early twentieth-century philosophers, mathematicians, logicians, and scientists, best known for developing the theory of scientific knowledge called logical positivism. Although positivism as a project has been largely abandoned, the group's ideas continue to have profound influence on contemporary philosophy of science. So what philosophical theories were proposed by the Vienna Circle? How might the socio-political circumstances of their time have shaped their radical ideas? And how did their ideas aim to shape politics? Josh and Ray ask David Edmonds from the University of Oxford, author of《史力克教授谋杀案:维也纳圈的兴衰》
相信你永远无法证明的事可以吗?逻辑能解决世界上的问题吗?雷解释了维也纳学派的哲学家们是如何相信科学和逻辑是理解世界的最佳工具，有意义的主张必须能够通过实验来验证。乔希抗议说，缺乏证据并不会让某些立场变得毫无意义，比如在考虑上帝的存在时。他提到，从定义上看是正确的数学原理无法被验证，但雷认为维也纳圈的哲学家认为真理可能是相对的。
The philosophers welcome David Edmonds, Distinguished Research Fellow at the Uehiro Center for Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford, to the show. In response to Ray’s question about why many members of the Vienna Circle left Europe to escape the Nazis, David explains how many of them were Jewish and opposed to the metaphysical positions held by the Nazis. Despite their similarities, the members ranged in their political positions. Josh thinks the Vienna Circle’s way of thinking might be helpful in our current age of fake news and post-truth, and David agrees that it would be helpful to have increased accountability and scrutiny of the claims that people make.
In the last segment of the show, Josh, Ray, and David discuss laws of nature and the women in the Vienna Circle. Josh wonders if the circle would have developed political opinions had it continued longer, but David thinks they wouldn't have, given the controversy around one political manifesto they published. Ray asks for one lesson to carry forward from the Vienna Circle’s way of thinking, and David emphasizes the importance of clarity and expressing arguments in ways that people can understand.
Roving Philosophical Report (Seek to 3:53) →Holly J. McDede简要介绍了维也纳圈的概念及其面临的挑战。
Josh Landy
Is metaphysics just a bunch of nonsense?
Ray Briggs
相信你永远无法证明的事可以吗?
Josh Landy
Could logic be a solution to the world's problems?
Comments(7)
Harold G. Neuman
Sunday, April 11, 2021 -- 1:26 PM
Well. There are sixteenWell. There are sixteen figures in the photo. Schlink is not one of them. I don't know the back story, so, would have to look it up. The veiled implication seems to revolve around Schlink's death, one possible insinuation being that the Circle was instrumental or at least involved. Sounds like an after-the-fact interpretation, based on hearsay and speculation(s). If the fall of the Circle was due to its' role in Schlink's death, then shame on the Circle. Whether or not that role was active or passive. These ideas are only surmise because I have nothing but a circumstantial base. I guess your Mr.Edmonds will connect some dots; turn some knobs... Hopefully, he is trying harder, thinking better, cutting the crap.--doing the best he can, with what he has and what he knows...If not, shame on him. So, I'll search-engine the Vienna Circle. And Schlink. Drawing my own conclusions. Pragmatic skepticism. That is what I do...
Harold G. Neuman
Sunday, April 11, 2021 -- 1:41 PM
The name of the deceased isThe name of the deceased is misspelled in your text. Look it up. Still does not get to answers to my questions about who murdered the professor and why. Mysteries are so much fun, yes? Must have had something to do with his views as a philosopher? What a lame thing to be murdered over..
D'autrement, if that is why the Circle fell, i guess the professor's death was not in vain.
Tim Smith
Tuesday, April 13, 2021 -- 6:22 AM
答案就在书里。答案就在书里。凶手是他以前的学生约翰·内尔博克。我不确定圈子的衰落是否和思想的衰落一样严重。然而，Nelbock的想法仍然很有生命力。
This show could be epic. A very interesting read at least.
Daniel
Thursday, April 29, 2021 -- 7:38 PM
N's tactics, certainly, are当然，N的战术依然有效。他表面上是出于不必要的嫉妒而犯了罪，后来在请求赦免的过程中，他试图掩盖这一罪行，并将爱国情绪作为真正的理由，这样就显得可以原谅，尽管这是多余的。但是，随着Circle的消亡，那些被认为已经消亡的理念是什么呢?例如，数学的基础在今天看来(反正在我看来)并没有比罗素提出他著名的集合论悖论时更坚实，这一悖论破坏了弗雷格从逻辑法则中导出数学的尝试，导致希尔伯特(在认识论上彻底的连贯传统主义)和哥德尔(在本质上决定数学真值的一些定律在原则上仍然未知)之间的二分法。在我看来，这似乎还没有决定，尽管在某种程度上，这似乎是一个错误的二分法，特别是当考虑到神经碑文，它创造了这样一种场景，即正确答案的频率本身是正确对应的原因，而不是正确对应的答案的正确原因。也许有人能帮我。我没有看到下降。
Tim Smith
Thursday, April 29, 2021 -- 9:46 PM
Daniel,Daniel,
我读了这本书，但正在等待演出来形成我的观点。但这是我目前掌握的信息
Dave Edmonds is top notch. I thought the book was well researched, explained the philosophical issues, the characters and the times well. If the show sticks to the questions in the header above I will be sorely upset. They almost have no reflection of my own questions but here’s what I have for these...
维也纳学派提出了哪些哲学理论?==>逻辑实证主义，分析语言vs.综合语言，语言和科学的可验证性。
他们那个时代的社会政治环境如何塑造了他们的激进思想?这个圈子的形成是对黑格尔和海德格尔荒谬的神秘主义的反应和斗争——它催生/支持民族主义法西斯主义。除了社会政治环境之外，马赫和爱因斯坦也是一个巨大的灵感来源。那是哲学和科学的繁荣时期。这些年维也纳发生了很多事。每个圈子都有自己的故事。
他们的想法是如何塑造政治的?除了Neurath，我不清楚还有什么政治目的。即使是施力克的谋杀案(可能是由于他自己的性行为不当和职业上的狭隘)，以及内尔博克的精神问题，这个圈子的影响一直持续到70年代，菲格尔、卡尔纳普、奎因、亨佩尔、莱辛巴赫等人在很大程度上塑造了美国实用主义到逻辑经验主义的思想。我不知道这对政治的影响是否像二战和冷战那样大。
Logical empiricism has influence, if only through Popper, but the main project is dead - in my opinion. We may have to disagree on that.
Goedel is a spawn of the circle as much as anyone. That he forever removed solid ground from math seems antithetical to the goal of the circle. Logical deconstruction of language was the main idea I think to have fallen along with a failure to construct inductive logic arguments. These were mostly done in by circle members in real time or later while in the US. There are those who today would argue there is no accepted scientific method.
我还有很多事要考虑。我非常期待这部剧的发展。
Harold G. Neuman
Sunday, May 2, 2021 -- 3:40 PM
对我来说太深了。永远不可能对我来说太深了。永远无法把哲学和数学联系起来。其他领域，心灵;语言，等等，我都能得到。维特根斯坦、罗素、库尔特·哥德尔、艾伦·图灵和理查德·费曼等人都很聪明。我只是不能把他们的才能理解为“哲学”。在传统意义上。不，我也不这样看待笛卡尔或牛顿。我想是我的错。发现他们更擅长数学和物理。当然，尽管有哲学，我们还是更好。 Still trying harder, thinking better, doing the best I can with I have and what I know
Regards to all..
Tim Smith
Sunday, May 30, 2021 -- 6:24 AM
This is a good documentary -This is a good documentary - with some footage of Vienna and a sharp take on the intransigent Austrian psychology.https://www.portraitofwally.com/
Not directly related to this book, show but telling nonetheless.
这是一个有趣的节目。打电话的人提出的关于自然规律的问题很有见地。我没有想过这个转变，现在我想知道维也纳圆环是不是那里的转折点。这就解释了很多关于奥地利和史利克谋杀案的事。也许我们还没听到炸弹的最后声音。