What is a dilemma? A situation in which you have to do two things but you can't do both. What is special about moral dilemmas? Do moral dilemmas stem from different sources of value? John introduces the guest, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, professor at Dartmouth. Sinnott-Armstrong thinks that Judith Miller's case did not involve a moral dilemma. How far do Miller's obligations extend? Would she have to endure torture? Sinnott-Armstrong thinks the most compelling kinds of dilemmas involve symmetric obligations, conflicting, identical obligations to two parties.

道德上的困境是否总是伴随着愧疚感的残留?内疚是否意味着道德上的两难?是否存在真正的道德困境?Sinnott-Armstrong认为有，比如一位母亲必须在两个孩子中选择哪一个活下来。在道德困境中，哪一个是正确的选择，有可能推理出来吗?Sinnott-Armstrong认为一些明显的困境是可以解决的，但不是所有的。《苏菲的选择》代表了一个非常困难的道德困境，经纪人没有做任何事情让自己陷入这个问题。Sinnott-Armstrong将特定行为判断和特定代理人判断区分开来。道德理论能解决所有可能出现的问题吗?Sinnott-Armstrong认为他们不能，但这并不会削弱他们的价值。

Why do people want moral theories to cover all possible situations? Sinnott-Armstrong thinks that people want this to avoid having to make difficult decisions. He illustrates this with an example from Sartre of a French soldier in World War 2. Utilitarians may claim that all moral dilemmas are epistemological. Are all moral dilemmas the result of us not knowing enough about the future? Ken thinks that this view ignores different kinds of value in life. Sinnott-Armstrong says that the non-symmetric moral dilemmas force us to choose what kind of person to be.

• Roving Philosophical Report(Seek to 03:50): Amy Standen interviews a reporter and a law professor about the moral dilemma of the Judith Miller case.

• Sixty Second Philosopher(Seek to 50:20): Ian Shoales gives an overview of moral dilemmas, from G.E. Moore to Simone de Beauvoir to Utilitarianism.