Simone de Beauvoir
Feb 29, 2016西蒙娜·德·波伏娃(Simone de Beauvoir)可能是最著名的小说家、女权主义思想家和作家,但她本身也是一个存在主义哲学家,像她的情人萨特(Sartre)一样,对人类争取自由的斗争进行了很多思考。作为一名接受分析传统训练的哲学家,我必须承认,我对存在主义知之甚少,所以我很好奇在本周的节目中与嘉宾香农·穆塞特(Shannon Mussett)一起发现波伏娃的女权主义思想与她的存在主义哲学之间的联系。
Simone de Beauvoir is often cast as only a novelist or a mere echo of Jean-Paul Sartre. But she authored many philosophical texts beyondThe Second Sex,and the letters between her and Sartre reveal that both were equally concerned with existentialist questions of radical ontological freedom, the issue of self-deception, and the dynamics of desire. This episode explores the evolution of de Beauvoir's existential-ethical thinking. In what sense did she find that we are all radically free? Are we always to blame for our self-deception or can social institutions be at fault? John and Ken sit down at the café with Shannon Mussett from Utah Valley University, co-editor ofBeauvoir and Western Thought from Plato to Butler.
约翰和肯以讨论波伏娃的存在主义哲学与女权主义哲学的结合方式开始了这部剧。约翰建议先谈谈她作品中比较熟悉的部分,即女权主义理论。Ken explains that de Beauvoir presents much of this in her famousThe Second Sex, where she writes of how the roles we associate with women are but social associations and constructions. As an existentialist philosopher, de Beauvoir also wrote about radical freedom, the idea that we are free and always choosing who we are. Both theories are concerned with us casting off societal influence to be who we truly want to be.
The two are joined by Shannon Musset, co-editor ofBeauvoir and Western Thought from Plato to Butlerand Professor of Philosophy at Utah Valley University. Musset first discoveredTheSecond Sex在大学的女权课上。这让她看到了一个她从未意识到的问题,并改变了她的整个世界观。她说,一旦你深入研究,你会发现波伏娃所说的所有社会类别和绝对概念都是从头开始构建的。
Responding to Ken’s inquiry about how, if we are radically free, we can ever have any values imposed on us, Musset says that at the same time as Beauvoir maintains that we are radically free, she also recognizes that not everybody is in the same situation. That’s where the ethics of ambiguity lie. As Ken clarifies it, the job of the oppressor is to blind us of our true potential and metaphysical reality. John wonders about the effects of WWII on de Beauvoir’s writing and second-wave feminism. Musset describes how Beauvoir’s time under Nazi occupation was very influential for her. The three then discuss the (absence of) standards by which we can evaluate our choices under this framework as well as how Beauvoir might respond to eastern societies.
In the final segment of the show, among other topics, the three turn to looking at Beauvoir’s philosophy as it might apply today. What would she say about the progress of women since the release ofThe Second Sex, and what would her advice be, John wonders? Musset answers that she would likely be pleased, but that she would also remind us to pay attention to history. We don’t come onto the scene in a vacuum, she says. They conclude by discussing the appropriateness of third-wave feminist critiques of the second-wave and of Beauvoir’s work.