Disability

Tuesday, August 16, 2005
First Aired:
Tuesday, December 7, 2004

What Is It

The Americans with Disabilities Act recognizes that people with disabilities are often prevented from leading productive and satisfying lives because social, school and work environments are often thoughtlessly and unnecessarily designed with only people with the standard set of abilities in mind. In many cases "reasonable accommodation" to the ways people with disabilities need to do things is required. What is reasonable? Elevators in schools? Probably. How about elevators in the Grand Canyon? What is a disability? Blindness? Certainly. How about obesity? Where do we draw lines, and on what principles? John and Ken test their abilities with Anita Silvers from San Francisco State University, author of残疾、差异、歧视:生命伦理学与公共政策中的正义视角。

Listening Notes

我们应该用“不同的能力”来代替“残疾”吗?残疾只是界面问题吗?肯介绍旧金山州立大学教授安妮塔·西尔弗斯。西尔弗斯声称,“残疾”是一种社会习俗,是一个政治化的术语。在历史上,它被用来将某些人赶出工作场所。肥胖是残疾吗?西尔弗斯希望从残疾歧视的角度来讨论,而不是残疾的充分必要条件。

Is there a nonsocial component to the concept of disability? Silvers says that there used to be an idea of “bad biology” that was used against people with disabilities. What is the biological difference between a disease and a disability? John goes over three responses to disability that he has heard in the past: view it as a deficiency, view it as ennobling, and view it as a mere difference. Where does reasonable accommodation end and social hijacking begin? Silvers starts with people who have anomalous biology. Society may have to change certain practices to accommodate disabled people. How much accommodation is reasonable? Should society change to accommodate all disabled people?

Is it fair to compare blindness to deafness or obesity? Each of those is very different from the others. Are learning disabilities in the same ballpark as, say, deafness? Who should bear the financial burden for accommodating disabled people? Silvers says that disabled people must first show that they count as disabled then show that their disability needs accommodation.

  • Roving Philosophical Report(Seek to 04:30): Amy Standen interviews Anita Schaffer who relates her experience being blind in an era when people did not accommodate her disability.
  • Philosophy Talk Goes to the Movies(Seek to 46:30): John and Ken dig into the philosophical aspects ofThe Incredibles.

Transcript