John begins by talking about his own dog and the evidence that she has a mind, while Ken wonders if there is any dog owner anywhere who seriously doesn't think that their pet has a mind. John then wonders whether Ken really has a mind, and they talk about some reasons to believe that other humans, at least, have minds. John then discusses how often humans anthropomorphize their computers, their cars, their boats, their toasters, and how this often leads to what seems like acknowledging the minds of inanimate objects. Ken brings up Donald Davidson's position that "Thought goes where talk goes," and that since we talk and animals don't we think and they don't, but John brings up the perennial case of parrots.

In order investigate animal minds, Ken introduces Colin Allen, Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, and author of many books and interactive websites addressing philosophy, animal behavior, and logic. John asks Colin how, without the benefits of language, human beings can attempt to understand what goes on inside an animal's mind. Colin disagrees with the phrasing of the question, since there are many other ways to communicate besides spoken language, and a lot of evidence which shows that both humans and other animals use other strategies to get their feelings across. Ken and Colin briefly discuss the problems with Descartes' and Davidson's theories of animal minds, which deal mostly with the necessity of concepts and language.

约翰认为，如果戴维森有一只狗，他可能就不会这么绝对地把语言和思维联系在一起了。他接着列举了自己和狗相处的经验，这些经验让人们明白动物的思维是如何抵御其行为的。肯请科林解释我们如何去决定动物是否一般有头脑——在实验室中使用什么工具，除了赋予我们的对象人格化还有什么选择?科林回答说，没有广泛的方法可以真正确定，相反，我们必须处理约翰在我们科学研究的所有动物身上观察到的他的狗身上的那种细节。科林接着举了一些具体的例子来说明灌木丛松鸦和其他鸟类的社会知识和记忆力。

John, Ken, and Colin go on to discuss many other animals and the scientific evidence for their mental lives, as well as what form the content of their mental worlds takes, do they think in images? Or perhaps in some sort of unique language? Callers weigh in on their experiences with pets and wild animals that make them believe in the minds of animals. Ken and John conclude by discussing how the diverse range of animal minds can inform the way we look at different human capacities, and the moral implications of this perspective.

• The Roving Philosophical Reporter(Seek to 4:13): Zoe Corneli interviews ALEX, or the Avian Learning Experiment, a parrot who supposedly displays many traits of natural language.

• Conundrum on Roommate Responsibilities(Seek to 47:01): John and Ken try to help a Seattle architect deal with a cheating roommate and whether his moral obligations to his roommate's fiancee outweigh his self-interest in sharing rent payments.