什么是政治不平等?

Sunday, August 14, 2022

What Is It

We all know our society is economically unequal: some people have more money and resources than others. But equality isn't just a matter of who has which things. Political equality involves respect and participation in the political process—but those aren't resources that can be divided up like pie. So what is political equality in the first place? How do we know when we've achieved it? And can we prevent politics from being an elite activity concentrated among the educated and wealthy? Josh and Ray push for equality with Margaret Levi, Director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University and co-author ofA Moral Political Economy: Present, Past, and Future.

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Daniel's picture

Daniel

Wednesday, July 6, 2022 -- 9:11 PM

Inequality in a political

政治意义上的不平等是一种表面现象,源于更根本的不平等,比如职场上的不平等。即使是直接民主制度,比如五世纪的雅典,也仍然由精英和贵族群体主导,比如伯里克利周围的人。我在这里的主张是,一个公正的社会不需要政治,以至于人们可以断言,一个社会不公正的程度取决于它的政治程度。政治上的自我主张必然以社会不公正的情况为前提,而政治上的反应是为了维护其结构。因此,为了恰当地回答标题中的问题,我们列出了三个术语:政治、社会和不公正。相比之下,平等和不平等是来自算术的隐喻,不包含被描述对象的信息。例如,在数学意义上,一个管理良好的监狱是一个所有生活空间和资源都完全平等共享的社会,但在大多数情况下,它仍然是不可取的。

如上所述,政治要么是武断的,要么是反动的,如果没有人口管理者及其同伙的相对较小的群体或群体,与被管理者的较大群体之间的区别,或者如果你愿意,也可以将其区分为压迫者阶级和被压迫者阶级之间的区别,政治就不存在。因此,政治不平等的问题应被重申为一种不平等,这种不平等产生了对政治不平等的需求,并在反动派中加以利用。既然“不平等”这个短语应该作为蒙昧主义的俚语被完全抛弃,那么真正的问题是:社会不公正和政治活动之间的关系是什么?

社会,作为集体理想的亲密共存,也可以被认为是建立正义标准的一个名称,从而就在哪些地方违反了这些标准达成一致。这些术语所规定的细节对于没有它们的政治代表或误传将是不可理解的主张是没有必要的。如果我们以我们自己的社会为例,观察到在一个以跨国财富集中为利益而治理的社会中,人们对流行的自我主张和极端政治手段的反应被贴上了民粹主义的标签,以表达被治理国家内部的宗派分歧,那么这个问题根本就不在谈论政治,而是像在哲学语境中经常做的那样发问:什么是公正的社会?

In short, discussion of political equality must be reduced to a discussion of social justice if it is to begin to approach the distant horizon of intelligibility. And this is not achieved by checking a box or waiving a few pompoms for one's favorite political team as spectators, but by making one's own decisions in one's community and workplace as active participants. From the perspective of one's interest in a good society in which participation is real and not symbolic, then, the question of politics is how to get rid of it.

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