哲学问题难道不是永恒和普遍的吗?我们该如何理解地域哲学，就像电视剧的名字所暗示的那样?约翰和肯开始琢磨这些问题。虽然普遍主义的观点取决于哲学的永恒的普遍性，实用主义的观点将哲学话语视为产生于生活在文化和历史上的人的经验。肯问拉丁美洲哲学在现实中是如何进行的。它是类似于美国和欧洲的哲学，还是有一些明显的区域性?约翰回答说两个人都在场;普遍主义的分支可以在形而上学和认识论中找到，但社会和政治哲学尤其与拉丁美洲独特的历史和与殖民暴政的斗争联系在一起。

This show’s guest, Joseph Orosco, joins the conversation. He begins by answering a question from John about the importance of pre-Columbian philosophy. Although much of their work was destroyed by conquistadors, ancient Aztec philosopher-kings wrote “flower poems” about their teachings. Joseph confirms that this influence still reverberates in indigenous populations today, where there is an emphasis on ideas about the precariousness of life and how to live with one another and the Earth.

After the break, John, Ken, and Joseph delve into more depth about the ways in which Latin American philosophy is distinct from its European cousin. Enrique Dussel, Joseph Martin, Joseph Enrique Rodo, and Jose Vasconcelos are all mentioned as key thinkers. Joseph explains how the relationship between Latin America and the United States has been one of subordination, and Latin American thinkers have been influenced by Western imperialism to think about nonmaterialistic alternatives towards democracy. There is also a suspicion towards severe individualism evident in Latin American philosophers’ stress on community and nature. By pointing out the difference between calling a single historical event either the Falkland War or the Malvinas War, our hosts and guests elucidate an easily observable differences in regional perspectives.

The show concludes with an audience member’s, and Joseph’s, comments on Garcia Marquez’s magical realism as part of the Latin American experience. The past, Joseph notes, is sometimes not really the past, but part of what is right in front of us. What we see is not the whole story of existence.

• Roving Philosophical Reporter(Seek to 5:49) : In an interview with Caitlin Esch, Javier Lada discusses his life as an immigrant farmhand turned college graduate. Lada now applies his education by serving as a community organizer fighting against unfair exploitation of workers.
  
• 60-Second Philosopher(寻求49:12):伊恩·肖尔斯(Ian Shoales)首先评论了拉丁美洲文学中假装有一本书存在的比喻，然后写了一篇关于它的书评。然后，他很快地谈到我们的社会可以如何利用这种伪装来为我们提供优势。