It sounds plausible to require that all our beliefs be based on evidence and sound reasoning. Yet some people's most cherished beliefs, like their belief in a deity, are based on faith alone. Does that make those beliefs fundamentally irrational, or could there be some rational justification for such faith? And what about reason itself—are there limits to what can be known rationally? Does our reliance on reason demand a kind of faith of its own? Is there a way to reconcile faith and reason, or does the well-lived life demand that we choose one over the other? John Ken put reasonable faith in Howard Wettstein from UC Riverside, author ofThe Significance of Religious Experience. This program was recorded live on campus as part of the Stanford Continuing Studies courseThe Art of Living.
Ken recognizes that religion offers a comforting and inspiring vision of the universe, but he also sees religious belief as completely irrational. He wants to know how we can distinguish these beliefs between illusions and fairy tales.
约翰提出了一系列处理信仰和理性之间分歧的建议。例如，他可以挑选让宗教为他服务的部分。Or he could accept religion as fundamentally fictional, but still act as if it were true (this is calledfictionalism, used originally in the philosophy of mathematics). There is also the notion of a ‘leap of faith’, whereby a person lets their heart take them where their mind won’t let them go.
Howard Wettstein加入了对话。He suggests that we focus on religiouspracticerather thanbelief. He defines religious practices as “ways of channeling, focusing, and celebrating the sense of profoundawethat humans uniquely experience.” This feeling of awe is not merely a sensation but a kind of humbling elevation.
Wettstein also claims that believinginGod is different from believingthathe exists. He finds deep and meaningful truths in the Bible, even though he doesn’t think every sentence and fact purported therein would hold under historical scrutiny. He likens it to any other great work of fiction in this sense.
In all, Wettstein thinks that we need to be able to look at the Bible without being confined by the metaphysical lens of Medieval philosophy, which tried to understand the testaments through Greek concepts. Rather than seeing religion as a matter of belief or faith, we should understand it in a more aesthetic sense. To quote Woody Allen, “His faith is like an ear for music, or the talent to draw.”
