In preparing for our upcoming episode about theVienna Circle, we've been thinking about the members' focus on science — quite a few of them were scientists and mathematicians, and this perspective inspired their ideas. So for the month of May, we thought we'd provide some past episodes about the Philosophy of Science as a helpful backgrounder for exploring the Vienna Circle.

Back in 2006, John and Ken explored fundamental questions in the philosophy of science with recent-return guest Peter Godfrey-Smith, author ofTheory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science.A couple of years later they delved deeper into more specific questions about distinguishing science from pseudo- or non-science with with Stuart Vyse from Connecticut College, author ofBelieving in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition.In 2015 they explored the often tricky relationship between science and politics with Sharyn Clough from Oregon State University, author of超越认识论:女性主义科学研究的实用主义方法。Just last year Josh and Ray questioned what happens when science is overrun by culture-war skepticism with Michael Shermer, author ofGiving the Devil his Due: Reflections of a Scientific Humanist.And of course some skepticism is always warranted when it comes to evolving knowledge, so Josh and Ken discussed whether science can over-reach with Massimo Pigliucci, editor ofScience Unlimited?: The Challenges of Scientism.