Who Wants to Be a Stoic?

01 February 2022

What can we learn from the Stoics about living a good life? They offer us a set of powerful strategies for becoming indifferent to pain, suffering, and even death. But can we really live by those strategies? And if we could, would we really want to? This week we’re thinking about the Stoic philosophy of Roman emperorMarcus Aurelius.

Marcus is probably best known for theMeditations这本书旨在帮助他记住自己的信仰(主要是禁欲主义)、论点和口号,以便他在任何情况下都能保持平静和友善。

这个项目很吸引人,口号很精彩,想法很吸引人——但我们听到的很多东西也很激进。例如,马库斯认为当你被野兽吃掉的时候,你应该保持冷静,冷静,甚至爽朗。

What’s Marcus’s argument for this? Well, he seems to think that getting eaten by a lion, or not getting eaten by a lion, is not the kind of thing we should care very much about. Sure, all things considered it’s preferable to remain uneaten. But the only thing that’sreallygood for us is virtue, and the only thing that’sreallybad for us is vice.

Plus, since the universe is ruled by a kind of providence, there’s definitely an excellent reason for you to be someone else’s lunch right now, even if you can’t quite figure out what it is. So if you find yourself in a lion’s mouth, Marcus would recommend you stop being emotional and start using your reason. You’ll realize you’re not being harmed in any serious way, if at all.

This argument is, to say the least, pretty counterintuitive: it seems to follow that if you, say, took a bullet for a friend, that wouldn't just be good forthem; it would also be good foryou. In fact it wouldmostlybe good for you! It would increase your virtue, and virtue is what really matters.

Counterintuitive or not, there's something extremely appealing about the view: if you could get into the Stoic mindset, you'd probably end up with less stress and sadness in your life. You wouldn’t be so afraid of death, and you wouldn’t be so distraught when things went badly for you, or when people you love passed away.

But this, as I see it, is where the real problem comes in. Do we really want to feel no pain when we lose a loved one? “What harm is done,” Stoic philosopher Epictetus asked, “if right when you are kissing your child you whisper and say ‘tomorrow you will die’?”

I guess he thought this was a rhetorical question, but I kind of want to say “a lot of harm. A really big, giant, monster truckload of harm.” Stoicism might help us become calm, tranquil, and unflappable—but do we want to end up calm, tranquil, unflappable robots?

Our guest this week is Rachana Kamtekar from Cornell University. She’s an expert on ancient philosophy, and has written about Marcus Aurelius. I’m looking forward to hearing from her exactly how to stay calm while my leg is being chewed off by a lion, though hopefully I’ll never have to put that knowledge into practice...

Photo by StevoLeBlanc on Pixabay

Comments(3)


Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Tuesday, February 1, 2022 -- 11:44 AM

Though I find stoicism

Though I find stoicism archaic from my limited viewpoint, it appears to be alive and well, a priori; fortiori; and posteriori from that of others. Here is what I mean, in part. As I have asserted before, extremism pervades, who we are and how we behave. If one is not a radical, reckless risk-taker one is not worth associating with. This is mass and pop culture, but not new culture. And so, we underwent the 'no fear' t-shirt phenomenon and other matters, possibly ignored. Should one be willing---even eager---to put one's self in harm's way? Stoicism seems a means of saying, ' oh well, it is all worth it to be in with the in-crowd'. Really? Sure. People fall off mountains taking 'selfies'; fall into pits, while talking on their cell phones. Failure to pay attention demands stoicism. Wait! Are you kidding me? No. i am not. Pay attention.

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Tim Smith's picture

Tim Smith

Thursday, February 3, 2022 -- 4:04 PM

Is saying 'tomorrow you will

Is saying 'tomorrow you will die' to your child a virtuous deed? If that will cause life-limiting harm, then no, it is not, and no Stoic would do this. At the same time, instructing your child of momento mori is one of the duties of parenthood, as is fostering their self-expression and prospects. If saying momento mori is a RBGMTOH (really big, giant, monster truckload of harm), then let us assume - Josh Landy is no Stoic because he does not see virtue at issue so much as upset. How, so ever, British of him and what a RBGMTOH that is.

There is a passivity to providence in Marcus Aurelius' world that isn't present in our own. We have the benefit of a more significant measure of the world. If you are reading this, you too likely have access to this knowledge of things. These things have started to instruct us in how to live, turn right in 100 meters, eat this not that, you are a lousy no good and clumsy writer... In the world of Epictetus and then Marcus Aurelius, this was a privilege extended to a paltry few. This period was also when Christians were first thrown to the lions, philosophically if not literally. Social justice was not separated from justice in that world. Nor was social justice present in colonialism. America shook that yoke by imposing it on Africans, then newly come immigrants - and if anti-immigration advocates have their way - the middle and lower classes. In our world, activity is required to tread water. Not engaging ensures tithing your yoke to the knowledge of things that are controlling the human course of action whether you create an account or not.

上帝存在于可衡量的,物质学习的天意以及与学习相关的不可衡量的小说中。在没有社会正义的情况下,不引起不安——达到一种共济失调的状态——是一种RBGMTOH。这就是为什么英国退欧不合时宜;把没有父母的孩子送到德克萨斯的宗教“慈善机构”是被误导的,用“志愿军”士兵打仗也是错误的。

我不知道乔什是伊壁鸠鲁派还是错位的小说家;他可能会说两者都有。但斯多葛主义在这篇文章中占了短棒,而马库斯·奥勒留在剧中占了长棒。一个现代的禁欲主义者会在扔石头之前看到火柴的优点。

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Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Sunday, March 6, 2022 -- 7:22 AM

You can 'ding' me for this if

如果你愿意,可以敲我一下。但我记得很多没用的信息,来自一个有趣但动荡的时代。1970年代。我们很多人仍然喜欢海报。禁欲主义让我想起了其中一个:两只秃鹫站在一棵枯树的树枝上,注视着下面的沙漠地面。一个说:耐心点,我的屁股-我要杀人了!
Yep.

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