Reading, Narrative, and the Self

26 November 2010

This week’s topic is Reading, Narrative, and the Self. I suppose everybody has a pretty good idea of what each of those things, taken individually, means.Readingis something that most people do. A goodnarrative——或者用一个不那么花哨的术语——是大多数人喜欢的东西。And aselfis something everybody has. But I think I need to explain what reading, narrative, and the self have to do with each other. I’ll take them in reverse order, starting with the self.

Everybody has a self. Or maybe it would be better to say that everybodyis一个自我。但究竟什么是自我呢?这个问题的答案取决于你和谁交谈。例如,心理学家倾向于用一个人最强烈认同的一组特定属性来看待自我——这些属性定义了他或她在这个世界上是谁和什么。但我们哲学家倾向于认为自我不是特定属性,而是潜在的能动者或思考者,他们拥有心理学家意义上定义自我的各种属性。

We’re going to be concerned with both senses of the self at various stages of this week’s episode. Let’s start with the self in the psychologist’s sense. The self in that sense is not just given to us in advance as something fixed and determinate. The self in that sense has somehow to be “constructed” out of materials that our society and culture make available.

把自我称为一种社会建构,这听起来可能很荒谬——或者至少很后现代。看起来,自我甚至可以在没有社会和文化的情况下存在。但这是否荒谬取决于你谈论的自我的概念是什么。当我说自我是一种社会构念时,我指的其实只是心理学家关于自我的概念。But the self in the philosopher’s sense – the thing that underlies the psychologist's self – that definitelyisn’t社会建设。事实上,我认为哲学家意义上的自我是进行建构的东西,而不是被建构的东西。

Now here’s where narrative begins to come in. Narrative helps us to make sense of our selves. One way we understand ourselves is by narrating ourselves, telling ourselves stories in which we figure as prominent characters. Think of a son who inherits the family business. In trying to make sense of his life, his choices, his situation, he narrates his life as an episode in a great drama, stretching backwards in time over multiple generations. But the stories that we tell ourselves aren’t just about relating the present to the past. They also look to the future. They help shape our choices and decisions. We try to make our narratives true, by trying to become what we've told ourselves we are.

I don’t mean to make it sound like we're prisoners of the stories we tell ourselves, or the ones we inherit from our family, or our culture. We have the freedom to reject the narratives that our society or culture or family offer up. But we can’t make sense of ourselves or even plan for the future without some background narrative in place. We don’t really have a choice about that. It’s part of the human predicament.

And now it should be easier to appreciate what the third topic on our list of three – namely, reading -- has to do with the other two. Great works of literature are rich storehouses of narrative possibilities. In real life, we only get one time through. We get one chance to narratively construct a self. But the great works of literature can expose us to thousands of experiments in narrative self-construction. So who better to help us with this trio of topics – reading, narrative, and the self -- than someone steeped in the theory of literary narratives. That's Josh Landy from Stanford University, where he co-directs the Literature and Philosophy Initiative.

Photo byMatias NorthonUnsplash

Comments(7)


Guest's picture

Guest

Friday, November 26, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

很高兴接到你的电话,卡帕头。自我。叙述。Read

很高兴接到你的电话,卡帕头。自我。叙述。阅读。从内心来说,所有这些都是存在的重要方面。
They help us, or better, enable us to cope with, adapt to, and, sometimes, understand what it is we experience.
Self develops from human experience. Without that, we are as baby wolves in the woods. There is anecdotal evidence of such.
Narrative, the result of narration/story telling, came as we developed language, and stories were passed down,from one generation to the next. Somewhere or when, we developed written symbols, which later became the stuff of sentences, paragraphs---and, eventually, books. By this time, some of us could read. Later, there would be others.
The world would never be the same--of course not. That is the point that philosophers make---the point that other oracles of civilization claim for their own because they do not accept the validity of philosophy. Sound familiar? I thought you might think so. So, here is a short history of ALMOST everything. Less than a page. How's that?

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, November 27, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

re: rewriting a narrative James Ellroy wrote a bea

re: rewriting a narrative James Ellroy wrote a beautiful prologue to The Balck Dahlia twenty years after it was first published. So honest, heartfelt, personal.

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, November 27, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

There has been some fascinating research in social

There has been some fascinating research in social cognition theory that strongly suggests a child's sense of personal history contributes to frontal lobe development and is thus a critical part of cognitive development. I am a psychologist and a mitigation witness in forensic cases where my primary task is to obtain a detailed and accurate social history of the defendant. In most cases, defendants' understanding of the chronology of their lives is similar to taking a box of photo slides, dumping it out on the floor, throwing away a few handfuls, then putting the rest back in the carousel and trying to make sense out of it.
On a different issue, there is no history without interpretation, whether you call it narration or not, and whether it's individual or "historical". Even when simply lining up facts, an answer to even just one simple question- like "Why did your family move?"- opens up an interpretation. The individual may say because his father lost his job, which he may believe is due to the fact that his father was unfairly treated, or to the knowledge that jobs in that field were being off-shored, or that a new owner took over and only wanted his own people on the job, all of which are both factual and interpretive.

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Guest

Tuesday, November 30, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

The modern scenario for culpability, blame and ret

The modern scenario for culpability, blame and retribution is rather simple: If you cannot bear to blame yourself for something, blame someone else. Even if you are the guilty party in a compromising situation, you may be able to bluff or bluster your way out of retribution. If you are successful in doing so, the success makes it easier (you think) to bluff or bluster your way out again.
This leads to many problems, but the practices are nurtured and therefore create a circular manifestation of deception which, in and of itself, erodes humanity. Call it what you may. I call it a facet of Historionicity.

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Guest

Saturday, December 4, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

If we try "to become what we've told ourselves we

If we try "to become what we've told ourselves we are," then changing our detrimental choices and decisions should as easy as reinterpreting our narrative, right?

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, December 4, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

关于Huber的评论:不。一旦我们做出选择;

关于Huber的评论:不。一旦我们做出选择;一旦我们做出了决定——这些基本上都是确定的事情。今生无重来。当你的狗因为在地板上拉屎而被你杀死后,重新解读故事就变得毫无意义了。当然,除非它是你丈夫/妻子的狗,而你又讨厌它。但我不指望丈夫或妻子会太在意你是否在重新解释你的叙述。杀死我的狗;我把你的响尾蛇咬烂,再加柠檬黄油和大蒜煮。

Guest's picture

Guest

Wednesday, December 8, 2010 -- 4:00 PM

If we try "to become what we've told ourselves we

If we try "to become what we've told ourselves we are," then changing our detrimental choices and decisions should as easy as reinterpreting our narrative, right?