Dance as a Way of Knowing

30 September 2015

The title ofthis week’s show听起来可能有点神秘。How candance, of all things, be a way ofknowing? Most things we know, we know either through perception or through thinking and reasoning. But on the surface of things, it doesn’t look like dance is either a form of perception or a form of thinking.

So, in what sense is dance a way of knowing?

我们也许应该从“知道”开始。The traditional philosophical conception says that to know something, you must have ajustified true belief. You can’t know something you don’t even believe, so if you do know something, you have to believe it first. You also can’t know something that is false. You mightthinkyou know it, but for your belief to be genuine knowledge, it must be true. But even that is not enough for knowledge. You might accidentally happen upon a true belief without having genuine knowledge, so for it to count as knowledge, it can’t just be a lucky guess—the true belief must be justified in some way. Different accounts of knowledge flesh out this third condition in various ways. For example, you must have perceptual evidence that warrants your belief in order for it to count as knowledge.

Now, dance doesn’t seem to be in the business of producing true—or false—beliefs, and it doesn’t seem to provide justification for anything. So, this traditional conception of knowledge doesn’t seem to help much. But we haven’t said what dance is yet. So, maybe we should do that before deciding whether or not it makes sense to think of it as a way of knowing.

Let’s start by saying something pretty obvious. Dance involves movement of the body—it is an essentially embodied activity. Of course, there are many things we do throughout the day that we could say the same about. Sitting at my computer and typing this is also an essentially embodied activity, but we don’t call that dance. So can we narrow it down more?

Well, dance can be rhythmic, performed to music or a beat, though some post-modern dance forms like Contact Improvisation are done without music. Dance can be an expression of emotion or aesthetic impulses, or it can be more like a scientific investigation into the physics of moving bodies. Dance can be a social or sensual activity, performed with a partner, or it can be part of a cultural ritual or spiritual practice. There are many different styles, forms, and functions dance can have. So, other than being an essentially embodied activity, it’s hard to identify a single trait that all dances have in common.

It might be useful here to introduce Ludwig Wittgenstein’s idea of afamily resemblance概念,以游戏概念为例。不是用一个基本特征来定义所有游戏或所有舞蹈,而是用一系列重叠的相似点将这些不同的实践组合成一个大家庭。如果我们要寻找定义舞蹈的充分必要条件,我们是找不到的。但这并不意味着我们看不到它。

So, are we any closer to understanding the title of this week’s show? The key, I think, is the embodied nature of dance. Dance isn't just movement. It's movement that relates you to the world. To borrow a term from this week’s guest, Alva Noe, the world becomespresentto you in a particular way through the dance.

But if it’s the embodied nature of dance that’s important, couldn’t we just as easily say that walking is a way of knowing? The answer is yes! A great way to get to know a space is not just to observe it passively from a fixed position, but to wander around it. When you walk through a space, the space opens up to you. You perceive things that you wouldn’t have perceived if you didn’t move around. And dance is similar—as a form of active bodily engagement, it opens up the world in a new way.

现在听起来舞蹈可能是一种感知。一些哲学家,比如笛卡尔,认为感知是一种被动的东西,世界只会冲刷我们的感官。但一些当代哲学家认为,感知需要身体与世界的积极接触。这种对知觉的看法通常与一种认为心灵本质上是延展的、设定的和具体化的观点相一致——这是对认为心灵只是大脑的一种功能的正统哲学观点的拒绝。

当然,如果舞蹈是一种感知(或者感知是一种舞蹈?),这并不能自动地得出舞蹈和感知都是本质上具身活动的结论。我们需要说得更多才能得出结论。但也许舞蹈也可以被认为是一种模型,帮助我们理解我们与世界的积极的、具象的接触?也许专注于舞蹈有助于我们理解感知,从这个角度来说,它是一种认知形式。


Photo byAhmad OdehonUnsplash

Comments(18)


Harold G. Neuman's picture

Harold G. Neuman

Thursday, April 11, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

Dance takes many forms:

Dance takes many forms: ballet; tango; foxtrot; waltz; tai chi; aikido; kung fu ...all of these and more are ways of knowing; windows of perception, or as Michael Ahles might say: wings of freedom. We are capable of knowing on different levels---making us at least as unique as we hope we are. Last time I looked.
Warmest, Neuman.

Laura Maguire's picture

Laura Maguire

Friday, April 12, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

William, not sure why you say

William, not sure why you say that "one essential property of dance is that is it partnered." Haven't you ever seen a person dance by themselves? If that was dance, then partners are not essential!

Guest's picture

Guest

Friday, April 12, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

So, what DID William say? I

So, what DID William say? I see no published comment from William; only Laura's response. Such is uncharacteristic of this blog. So far, anyway.
有人曾经告诉我:环境决定一切。我也这么认为。你不?

Guest's picture

Guest

Friday, April 12, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

"The world becomes present to

"The world becomes present to you in a particular way through the dance." The statement is certainly true with the right partner, the right music and the right dance on the ballroom floor.
I don't wish to disparage other forms of dancing or even dancing as a spectator activity.

mirugai's picture

mirugai

Saturday, April 13, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

DANCE TO THE MUSIC (OF TIME)

DANCE TO THE MUSIC (OF TIME)
舞蹈是音乐有意为之的物理体现。音乐比舞蹈更神秘。(和不?不要嘲笑我?跳舞到沉默?或者类似的?那只是在没有音乐的情况下跳舞。)从哲学角度来说,迷人是1。每个人如何在他/她的舞蹈中反映和表达音乐;2.舞蹈风格和舞步的社会仪式要求; 3. The teaching of culturally agreed upon and recognized dance forms; and 4. The ways an observer of dance reflects on it and responds to it.

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, April 13, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

A Chronology: we live; we

A Chronology: we live; we learn; we speak. Afterwards, we ideate; write; create; destroy, and so on. All these states embody knowing---for better or worse. Dance is a specific way. One of many.

Guest's picture

Guest

Saturday, April 13, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

There is a Dance Meditation

There is a Dance Meditation practice called "5-Rhythms" or "Sweat-Your-Prayers". In this meditation, over a period of two hours, commonly found music of different types are played. The first type of music played has "Flowing" qualities, the next has "Staccato", the third "Chaos", the fourth "Lyrical" and the last "Stillness". No talking is allowed. When the dance that emerges internally from feeling the music, becomes the focus of attention, the Mind's thoughts quiet. When this happen, "Intuitive Intelligence" can emerge. And with intuitive intelligence comes insights that are subject to fewer filters than are present during common thought. It is my experience that Dance activates aspects of human perception that are not accessed with common thinking and as a result, it contains more information than common thought ... it contains more clarity and a more accurate perception of what is real..

Laura Maguire's picture

Laura Maguire

Sunday, April 14, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

William deleted his comment.

William deleted his comment.

mirugai's picture

mirugai

Sunday, April 14, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

John, you have described a

John, you have described a wonderfully illuminating exercise: one that explores the difference between what my friend SusanS calls slow thinking and fast thinking. She calls "instinct" an example of fast thinking; you would probably say "intuitive intelligence" is another example. I think of both as more like the absence of thought; more like the goals of meditation. But however accomplished, your description of how to achieve certain new and useful mental states apart from the think-generated, through the application of the body to music, is an exciting avenue for a philosopher to pursue. Thank you.

mirugai's picture

mirugai

Sunday, April 14, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

BTW, John, see how your post

顺便说一句,约翰,看看你用“诗歌”代替“舞蹈”的帖子是怎么读的。“我的经验是,诗歌激发了人类感知的某些方面,而这些方面是普通思维无法接触到的,因此,它包含了比普通思维更多的信息……它包含了对什么是真实的更清晰和更准确的感知。”隐喻比叙事“更真实”。

Guest's picture

Guest

Sunday, April 14, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

On the William matter: Oh.

On the William matter: Oh.
Thanks.

Guest's picture

Guest

Sunday, April 14, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

I found the following passage

I found the following passage that you wrote enlightening: "perception requires active bodily engagement with the world." Thank you. -Nathaniel Paluga, Principle Philosopher at the Philosopher's Way, San Francisco

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, April 15, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

I am responding as a dancer

I am responding as a dancer AND a thinker/writer (I dare not say philosopher): When I dance, I experience a unique perception of myself and the universe I am in, one that cannot be reached by thinking. I have an ecstatic connection of sorts, a release of my chattering mind into the swirling music at the heart of the universe, a freeing from - like meditation is for some, I suppose. If I think too much, my steps lose their flow, I am brought down to earth, my muscles 'work'; when I let go of thought, something else takes over, and I am swept up by the music, my body almost forgotten. Dance helps me to connect to that which is beyond my thinking mind, to know something that is made too little if boxed into thought.

Guest's picture

Guest

Monday, April 15, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

Thanks, Victoria. If we are

Thanks, Victoria. If we are to believe that dance (and other forms of physical expression) transcend surface knowledge (I do), then your comments are seminal to a transpersonal analysis of this knowing thing. I sometimes enjoy getting "lost" in my woodworking projects. When I begin a simple task such as fashioning a walking stick from a piece of tree branch, I do not have a definite image of how the final creation will look. It is, then, a small adventure---developing, bit by bit, with the application of sandpaper to wood, and an evolving sense of what might be. A way of knowing? I'm not sure. A way of learning? Absolutely---the more I work at this art, the better the results become.

Guest's picture

Guest

Tuesday, April 16, 2013 -- 5:00 PM

I think that, absent certain

I think that, absent certain fickle emotions such as jealousy, envy and avarice, we do know what we are doing in most of the critical aspects of everyday living. There are various ways of knowing: experiential; educational; transcendental and theosophical, to name a few. All have validity within their own contexts, but probably fall flat on the outside. To say that ANY way of knowing is better, truer or more complete than another probably exhibits some sort of bias. Those ancients who persecuted Copernicus and Galileo showed bias in its worst sense: that based on ignorance and dogma. Yet, in spite of such, both science and theology endure. We are indeed lucky.

Laura Maguire's picture

Laura Maguire

Thursday, October 8, 2015 -- 5:00 PM

In case you missed it, we

In case you missed it, we just had a Live Chat this week with Alva Noe, the guest on this show back in 2013. You can read the chat transcript here.

Gary M Washburn's picture

Gary M Washburn

Saturday, October 10, 2015 -- 5:00 PM

The thing about the synthetic

综合先天的问题是,它并不是先验分析的外部,它是先验分析的最后一个项,最终的还原性项,改变了,重新定义,重新部署了它的前提。这就是为什么先验可以是结果项。自负先行项绝对逻辑不变性的最严格的结果是它的方差。它最明显地体现在讽刺或讽刺中。但是如果你不明白这个笑话,你有效地僵化了先行词,因此保护它不受综合先验的影响,那是它唯一的完整项。剩下的就是aporia了。最短的时间就是最大的差别。
The relation between dance and the rationality of the sensual world is seduction.

Gary M Washburn's picture

Gary M Washburn

Monday, October 12, 2015 -- 5:00 PM

Feuerbach has an interesting

Feuerbach has an interesting analogy in his essay on Hegel. Reading this essay it is hard not to find in Heidegger's Introduction to Metaphysics a glaring case of plagiarism. That would be Feuerbach's ending theme on 'nothingness'. But the essay begins with an image of time as homeopathic. I'm not exactly sure what he does mean in this, but homeopathy is a theory that dilution of a toxin to such a degree that the dosage is probably zero, that by putting a drop of poison in an ocean of diluent, that the smallest dosage of this preparation would cure its toxic effects. But if time is either a moment of differing or a steady drip of the same, how small a dose of this toxic difference is cured us of it and made us invulnerable to it? Isn't the least differing proved the thesis of constancy invalid? Ballet is designed to force human motion into inhuman form. Other forms of dance are claimed to be expressions of human bodily truth, think of Isadora Duncan. Social dance is meant to coordinate human physicality. By moving in synchrony we share bodily proximity in an especially disciplined way. But is it constancy in elegant movement or suspended clumsy-ness? I suppose robots will eventually be made to dance, but I suspect the result will be as unsatisfactory as computer performances of great musical compositions. It is the inability of humans to perfect the design, choreographic or musical, that is the elegance of the performance. The awkward humanity diluted by a fine discipline meant to render it as invisible as possible. And yet that diluted imperfection is the perfection of it, and what the computer cannot imitate. Death is the completest differing time is, and most momentous. And so time is filled with all the drip drip drip of constant need and satisfaction that so dilutes and attenuates our perception of it that we might almost never know how much more real it is. And that is why I say that dance is seduction. But which is the seducer, the discipline of constancy, or its proven attenuation of unendurable moment?


“如果只有这些,我的朋友,那么我们继续跳舞吧……”