皮亚杰提出了他的儿童发展层次，我们很多人都知道:前运算思维，具体运算思维和形式运算思维，他还给出了一般的年龄划分，正负一岁左右，他认为这些发展层次是在这个范围内发生的。我自己也有一两个主意。
Children, I believe, are not constrained by the conventions we as adults are compelled to adhere to. They do not suffer from fear of rejection, because up until they are kicked out of the nest, they are the center of their universe. Or pretty much so. The humorist and show host, Art Linkletter, used to say: kids say the darndest things. And they do.
Innocence breeds honesty, and inasmuch as their minds are not occupied with the worries and responsibilities of adulthood, they are free to wander and muse upon ideas, feelings and such that their parents have long since forgotten---or put away for future reference. Many of us have done that. Natural philosophers? Sure they are. They have the advantage of age. And we thought we had all the fun. The gift is tentative, though---for very many of them it will go away---just as it did for very many of us.

And for some of us---it comes back. Later. After we no longer need be concerned with the cares and worries of adulthood,---keeping a job we hated; pleasing a boss we could not help but disrespect. Or, at best, dislike intensely. No, philosophy has been approached in differing ways---mosty as an adult pursuit. I applaud your post regarding children as philosophers. Very astute, and somehow timely, given the season, which is and ought to be for kids anyway. There are other things that suit children for philosophy. But, I won't hog the show. Comments, anyone?

Before our childrens' minds are clouded by theories and faiths, they see only the simple truth.
如果你仔细看，你会看到他们眼中的光芒。
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KIDS AS PHILOSOPHERS
感谢这两个极具煽动性的评论，说明尽管“做哲学”的含义不会随着年龄而改变，但实践的结果可能会受到年龄的影响。
如果哲学是对思想的理性思考(我的定义)，孩子们是什么时候发展这种能力的?
First, when do they develop rationality?
Kids all can think (however you define it) almost (?) at birth, indicated by observing them, looking to see if their behaviour suggests intentionality. The behaviour could be called instinctive at first, but then as the behaviour is repeated to some desired end, it can be called intentional.
When does thinking become rational? When the child's thoughts become confirmed as leading to a result which the observing philosopher decides is desireable, thereby recognizing rationality of the child.
The child too, like all of us, seeks confirmation of what it believes. "Belief" is probably closer to the thought process of children than is scientific deduction at this stage. And we all have an "instinct" for the desire for confirmation of what we believe. "Rational" is what we philosophers call the child's thinking at this point; the child regards it as rational when it produces, or suggests it would produce, the desired result (one kind of confirmation).
For thought to be "philosophical," it must be confirmed in some additional way.
孩子的哲学思维是如何得到证实的?通常是通过寻找最具影响力和被认为最成功的社会群体的巧合，正如孩子对成功的定义。哲学思考的一个好例子是“定义成功”，比如?
那么，孩子们是什么时候发展出理性思考的能力的呢?当他们对思考和结果之间的联系有了一定的阈值经验，当在孩子看来，关于思考的结论的可取性和成功得到证实时。
Why was that child acting up and crying and screaming in the coffeehouse yesterday? Is he in physical pain; is he hungry or thirsty? No; he is behaving in some way that he knows is successful to some end he desires, confirmed either by his own past use of the behaviour, and/or by his observation of other people in his society successfully using it.

到目前为止，所有的评论和观点都很好。向你表示祝贺。孩子们是模仿的专家，他们知道获得关注和得到他们想要的东西的最好和最坏的方法。我们，作为成年人，必须知道什么时候奖励;当鼓励;以及什么时候说不。不幸的是，一个过于宽容的社会正在让这一点变得更加困难，把好奇的助手变成了计算的操纵者。是的，我相信父母们可以从阅读和吸收皮亚杰的作品中得到一些指导——如果他们愿意花时间和有勇气这样做的话。
Just one person's opinion, though...

I guess I would classify as a "child". I am twelve years old and I have an interest in philosophy. As you stated earlier children do not always think rationally. I believe that that alone enables us to view philosophical issues with a different and occasionally better solution.
Your thoughts?

I remember Piaget from studying to be a teacher. I don't know of anything that has really overturned his work in all the intervening years.
一位美国大学的思想家指出，“孩子们并不总是理性思考。”人们当然应该给什么是“理性思考”下个定义。人们(包括谈论孩子的成年人)经常用它来表示“像我一样思考”。更好的定义是“合理”或“以一种合乎情理的方式思考”。然而，理性只是一种工具。我所知道的最好的定义就是"认识因果关系"
By that last definition, children indeed do not always think rationally. Neither do adults. Neither do philosophers always. So think on, and don't worry too much about "rationality." Great discoveries in almost every field, especially philosophy, are often intuitive leaps - we fill in the rational parts of the path after having glimpsed the destination.